Cold War - Arms Race Between US and USSR Which Lead to the Fall of Research Paper

Cold War - Arms Race Between US and USSR Which Lead to the Fall of USSR - Research Paper Example Both sides directed huge sum of money to the military budget with each side trying to outdo the other. History of the cold war The relations gap between United States and Soviet Union were widened up by differences in economic and political ideologies. As a result, each country started suspecting the other as fears of attacks rose to greater heights. These differences prevented them from coming into a mutual understanding an aspect that could have reduced the rivalry. Some of the key policies that widened this rivalry were for example, the case of Cuban missile crisis. In addition, immediately after World War II United States had monopolized knowledge concerning the raw materials that were required to develop nuclear weapons. United States thought that owning nuclear weapons would draw concessions and fear from USSR but, this was not the case. Soviet Union started by trying to match the weapons through working on the atomic bomb silently. A steady supply of uranium from Eastern Europ e provided hope to the Soviet Union. Although the project was so expensive for the country, they succeeded in making an atomic bomb. In mid 1950’s, Soviet Union detonated the first bomb in 1949 an aspect that caught the world unaware (Phillips, 2010). Arms race Decision by United States to drop nuclear bombs in Japan in 1945 signalled the starting of the cold war. This move also triggered main aspects of the cold war. A tense moment followed with both superpower being silent to each other in terms of arms up to 1949 when USSR tested its nuclear bomb that was known as ‘Joe one’. The weapon matched ‘Fat man’ which was dropped by United States in Japan. Once each country realized that their weapon power matched, they started funding research that was directed towards making stronger nuclear weapons that were of mass destruction. This resulted to increased quantities and quality of nuclear arsenals. The move saw both countries starting to develop a hydro gen bomb. United States was the first to detonate a hydrogen bomb in 1952. Following this move, Soviet Union intensified their effort to develop a more powerful nuclear bomb. In august 1953, the Soviet Union surprised the whole world by detonating a thermonuclear device despite not being a hydrogen bomb as many were expecting. Furthermore, in 1955, the Soviet Union exploded a hydrogen bomb an aspect that ended speculation that the country was working on hydrogen bomb (Ringer, 2005, p.67). The next major development followed in 1957 when USSR launched the first satellite that was called ‘sputnik’. This was the largest satellite that the world had seen before. In addition, it developed long range inter- continental ballistic missiles. These missiles were regarded as more advanced platform of nuclear weapons and that they were more effective system to deliver in comparison to strategic bombers that was initially used at the starting of the cold war. The soviet union were t herefore, able to proof to the world that they had the ability to launch a missile to any part of the world after they launched Sputnik in earth orbit. Following this incident, each country started concentrating on advancing the level of technology that was used to develop nuclear weapons. Although United States was developing missiles, it kept it a secret up to 1958 when it announced that it possesses missiles. This was after a public outcry that the country must rapidly build up its block of ICBM’

Research Report for the Business development in the engineering sector Paper

Report for the Business development in the engineering sector - Research Paper Example This calls for acute understanding of the customer expectations. Research shows that the mastery of technological and scientific disciplines is not enough to deal with the market dynamics of a technologically driven economy. There have been profound implications in the technologically driven global economy. Developing business in the sector requires engineers capable of working in different cultures and with knowledge on the dynamics of the global markets. The distinction between collaboration and competition in the sector continues to blur. Therefore, new perspectives must be developed to build competitiveness in the sector. This paper will be discussing the changing global knowledge which has driven economy and caused the engineering sector to shift from the conservative to business-sensitive approach in a quest meet the organizational objectives, business development needs and respond to the customer expectations High quality engineering services are being developed in countries w ith cheap labor (Rob, 2002). The aim is to lower the costs of labor. Developed countries like United States have been forced to look for cheaper labor to compete with China and India. Contemporary business development practices demands that interdisciplinary strategies be used to attract potential customers, develop quality products and other stakeholders (Annacchino, 2007). The modern engineering practice is bound to shift from the conservative approach of market ting and service delivery. Engineering sector is calling for innovative solution with involve cultural, social, ethical and environmental issues. Modern engineers rarely take the leadership positions in business issues (Haaf et al, 2002). The knowledge-intensive business society demands engineers with knowledge concerning marketplace and how to develop technical solutions are responsive to the needs of the society. The culture in developed countries, the free-market and demographic values offer a conducive environment for technological innovation. Business development in engineering sector shall involve empowering the engineers with sales and marketing skills (Annacchino, 2007). The brand dynamics must be understood in the sector (Rob, 2002). Technical engineers are product developers. They should be in a position to understand the market needs and competitiveness of services and products. Adding value in the engineering sector shall entail giving them the skills on developing competitive products, understanding market needs, responding the consumer expectation and means of sales (Haaf et al, 2002). This demands increased creativity, innovation and communication skills. The construction industry can develop competitive designs that address consumer concerns. This involves ensuring the stakeholders deliver quality in the construction process. There has been a long standing conflict between marketing and engineering (Haaf et al, 2002). The conflict is being addressed through integration, commercializin g of products and establishing successful development processes (Annacchino, 2007). This demands support from management to ensure products are developed in an integrated process. This marketing process takes into consideration the personality differences and capabilities of the manufacturing personnel. Knowledge management is the use of strategies to identify, distribute, and adopt experiences and insights beneficial to an engineering organization (Rob, 2002). An increasing